Switch to PXE boot with iPXE and Shoelaces
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MAC,CN
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78:45:c4:04:37:ab,TSMS-NINE-DTPC
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README.md
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README.md
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# Claremont MakerSpace Windows 10 Deployment
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A mess of various stuff to install Windows 10 via the network, with automatic hostname assignment from [Snipe-IT](https://snipeitapp.com/) and installation of [Salt](saltproject.io) minion.
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Domain join and rest of setup (installing applications, applying configuration, etc.) is done afterwords by Salt and group policy.
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## Usage
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In theory, just enable UEFI PXE Booting, plug into the `CMS Classroom` network, and select `PXE Boot (IPV4)` (or similar) as a boot option.
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- For computers with UEFI, but without UEFI PXE (for some reason...), you can make a USB drive to jumpstart the process by with `ipxe.usb` ([see below](#build-ipxe))
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- For computers without Ethernet, a USB Ethernet adapter can be used (I'm not sure which adapters work, but USB 3 seems to have added a more standardized interface, so is more likely to work)
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- In theory, some WiFi adapters support PXE booting (and are supported by iPXE), but not the ones in the latops CMS has
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- Currently also still requires some manual fiddling to get windows to activate using digital licenses; you can force it to try by "troubleshooting" the activation. There is presumably a better way to handle this.
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## Setup
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Somewhat based on [this helpful guide][pxe_win].
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Written for Debian 11.
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Various hostnames and exact paths may need to be adjusted in provided files.
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Also assumes UEFI booting, because Legacy booting is pretty deprecated at this point.
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### Enable PXE booting in DHCP server
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Depends pretty heavily on DHCP server, but in UniFi it's in `Settings -> Networks -> <specific network> -> Advanced`.
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See [previously mentioned guide][pxe_win] or [iPXE docs](https://ipxe.org/howto/dhcpd) for more details (but ignore the bit about chainloading, as we instead are using an embedded script).
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### <a id="build-ipxe"></a>Build custom [iPXE](https://ipxe.org/)
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1. Clone `git://git.ipxe.org/ipxe.git`
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2. Copy [`embed.ipxe`](./embed.ipxe) to `src/`
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- This allows for chainloading, without needing support from the DHCP server
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3. Build PXE executable or usb image
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```sh
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make bin-x86_64-efi/ipxe.usb EMBED=embed.ipxe SHELL="sh" # For USB drive
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make bin-x86_64-efi/ipxe.efi EMBED=embed.ipxe SHELL="sh" # For PXE TFTP boot
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```
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4. `dd` `ipxe.usb` to a USB drive, if needed (for computers with UEFI, but not UEFI PXE)
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### TFTP (via `tftpd-hpa`)
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1. Install `tftpd-hpa` package
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2. Copy [`tftp/main.ipxe`](./tftp/main.ipxe) (and `ipxe.efi`, if PXE booting) to `/srv/tftp`
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- This doesn't actually need to be a menu; it could basically just be `chain http://<hostname here>:8081/poll/1/${mac} ||`
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3. Copy [`tftp/tftpd.map`](./tftp/tftpd.map) to `/etc/`, and add `--map-file /etc/tftpd.map` to `TFTP_OPTIONS` in `/etc/default/tftpd-hpa`
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- This is to work around some older UEFI PXE implementations, which add a 0xFF character (which they render as ÿ) after the file name for unclear reasons
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### Hostname script
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1. Install `python3` and `python3-requests`
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2. Copy [`ipxe-set-hostname-from-serial.py`](./ipxe-set-hostname-from-serial.py) to `/usr/lib/cgi-bin`
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3. [Generate a token from Snipe-IT](https://snipe-it.readme.io/reference/generating-api-tokens) and edit it into the script
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### [Shoelaces](https://github.com/thousandeyes/shoelaces)
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1. Set base URL, bind address, and data dir in `/etc/default/shoelaces`
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2. Copy [`shoelaces`](./shoelaces) folder to `/srv/shoelaces`
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3. Download [wimboot](https://ipxe.org/wimboot) and put it in `/srv/shoelaces/static/windows`
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4. Adjust [`mappings.yaml`](./shoelaces/mappings.yaml) for the targeted subnet
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### Windows Installer
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1. [Download The latest Windows 10 ISO](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10ISO)
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2. Extract the ISO to `software` SMB share, at `pxe/Windows10`
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3. Retrieve the following files for pxe booting, and place them in `/srv/shoelaces/static/windows/windows10/` (keeping the folder structure):
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```
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boot/bcd
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boot/boot.sdi
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sources/boot.wim
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```
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### [Salt](https://saltproject.io/) minion
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1. [Download latest salt windows minion installer](https://docs.saltproject.io/salt/install-guide/en/latest/topics/install-by-operating-system/windows.html)
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2. Place in `<software share>/pxe/Windows10/sources/$OEM$$/$$/setup/scripts/` as `Salt-Minion-Setup.exe`
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- This slightly magic path will place the files at `C:\Windows\Setup\Scripts` in the installed OS
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3. Copy [`SetupComplete.cmd`](./SetupComplete.cmd) to same directory
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- This will be run after setup is complete as `SYSTEM`, and installs salt with the configured hostname as the minion name
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## Sources/References
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- [iPXE boot Windows and Linux, using uefi.][pxe_win]
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- [iPXE - open source boot firmware [docs]][ipxe_docs]
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- [Snipe-IT API Reference][snipeit_api]
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[pxe_win]: https://rpi4cluster.com/pxe/win/ "iPXE boot Windows and Linux, using uefi."
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[ipxe_docs]: https://ipxe.org/docs "iPXE - open source boot firmware [docs]"
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[snipeit_api]: https://snipe-it.readme.io/reference/ "Snipe-IT API Reference"
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# Look up computer name from mac address in a file
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# Based on Set-ComputerName from:
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# https://kristopherjturner.com/2017/02/01/automating-computer-naming-after-deploying-windows-10-images/
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$FileName = "ComputerList.csv"
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$scriptPath = Split-Path $script:MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path
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$thisComputerMAC = Get-WmiObject win32_networkadapterconfiguration -Filter 'ipenabled = "true"' | Select-Object MACAddress
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$ComputerList = Import-Csv -Path "$scriptPath\$FileName"
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# look up computer name by MAC address
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ForEach ($Computer in $ComputerList) {
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Write-Host "$($Computer.CN) $($Computer.MAC) $thisComputerMac"
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If ($thisComputerMAC -match $Computer.MAC) {
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Write-Host "$($Computer.CN) matches the localhost MAC Address: $thisComputerMAC"
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$NewComputerName = $Computer.CN
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}
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}
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# if computer isn’t on list, ask for a name
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If ($Null -eq $NewComputerName) {
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Write-Host "Computer is not found in computer list." -ForegroundColor Red
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$NewComputerName = Read-Host -Prompt "Please enter desired computer name then hit enter"
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}
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$cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PsCredential("SAWTOOTH\DomainJoin", (ConvertTo-SecureString "REPLACE_WITH_PASSWORD" -AsPlainText -Force))
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Write-Host "Waiting for RPC Service"
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(Get-Service RpcSs).WaitForStatus("Running")
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# rename computer and join to domain
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Write-Host "Computer will be renamed to $NewComputerName."
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Rename-Computer -NewName $NewComputerName -Force -Verbose
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Write-Host "Waiting for RPC Service"
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(Get-Service RpcSs).WaitForStatus("Running")
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While($True){
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try{
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Write-Host "Trying to Domain Join"
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Add-Computer -ErrorAction Stop -Force -DomainName sawtooth.claremontmakerspace.org -Options JoinWithNewName,InstallInvoke -Credential $cred
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break
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}
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catch{
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Write-Host $_
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Start-Sleep -Seconds 1 # wait for a seconds before next attempt.
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}
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}
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# Install Salt
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Write-Host "Installing Salt with minion name: $NewComputerName."
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\\ucs.sawtooth.claremontmakerspace.org\Software\Salt-Minion-3004.2-Py3-AMD64-Setup.exe /S /minion-name="$NewComputerName"
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#Read-Host -Prompt "Press Enter to reboot"
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#Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
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#Restart-Computer
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SetupComplete.cmd
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SetupComplete.cmd
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FOR /F %%H IN ('hostname') DO C:\Windows\Setup\Scripts\Salt-Minion-Setup.exe /S /minion-name=%%H /master=salt.sawtooth.claremontmakerspace.org
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RMDIR /S /Q C:\Windows\Setup\Scripts\
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embed.ipxe
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embed.ipxe
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#!ipxe
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dhcp && goto netboot || goto dhcperror
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:dhcperror
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prompt --key s --timeout 10000 DHCP failed, hit 's' for the iPXE shell; reboot in 10 seconds && shell || reboot
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:netboot
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#chain tftp://${next-server}/main.ipxe ||
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chain tftp://172.18.142.6/main.ipxe ||
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prompt --key s --timeout 10000 Chainloading failed, hit 's' for the iPXE shell; reboot in 10 seconds && shell || reboot
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39
ipxe-set-hostname-from-serial.py
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ipxe-set-hostname-from-serial.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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import os
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import requests
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SNIPEIT_TOKEN = "SET_ME"
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def get_hostname_from_snipeit(serial: str):
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r = requests.get(
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"https://inventory.claremontmakerspace.org/api/v1/hardware/byserial/" + serial,
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headers = {"Authorization": "Bearer " + SNIPEIT_TOKEN}
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)
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data = r.json()
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if len(data["rows"]) == 1:
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name = data["rows"][0]["name"]
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if name:
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return name
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else:
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asset_tag = data["rows"][0]["asset_tag"]
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id = data["rows"][0]["id"]
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raise Exception(f"No name set for asset {id}, tag {asset_tag}")
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elif len(data["rows"]) < 1:
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raise Exception("No asset found")
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else:
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raise Exception("Multiple assets with this serial number found")
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print("Content-type: text/plain\n")
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print("#!ipxe")
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try:
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hostname = get_hostname_from_snipeit(os.environ["QUERY_STRING"])
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if hostname:
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print("set hostname " + hostname)
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print("echo Set hostname=${hostname}")
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except Exception as e:
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print("echo Failed to set hostname from serial ${serial}, exiting in 5 seconds...")
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print(f"echo Error: {e}")
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shoelaces/ipxe/windows10.ipxe.slc
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shoelaces/ipxe/windows10.ipxe.slc
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{{define "windows10.ipxe" -}}
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#!ipxe
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chain http://cms-net-svcs.claremontmakerspace.org/cgi-bin/ipxe-set-hostname-from-serial.py?${serial}
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kernel http://{{.baseURL}}/configs/static/windows/wimboot
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initrd http://{{.baseURL}}/configs/static/windows/windows10/boot/bcd BCD
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initrd http://{{.baseURL}}/configs/static/windows/windows10/boot/boot.sdi boot.sdi
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initrd http://{{.baseURL}}/configs/static/windows/windows10/winpeshl.ini winpeshl.ini
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initrd http://{{.baseURL}}/configs/windows10/unattend.xml?hostname=${hostname} unattend.xml
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initrd http://{{.baseURL}}/configs/static/windows/windows10/install.bat install.bat
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initrd http://{{.baseURL}}/configs/static/windows/windows10/sources/boot.wim boot.wim
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boot
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{{end}}
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shoelaces/mappings.yaml
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shoelaces/mappings.yaml
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networkMaps:
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- network: 172.18.57.0/24
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script:
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name: windows10.ipxe
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shoelaces/static/windows/windows10/install.bat
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shoelaces/static/windows/windows10/install.bat
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wpeinit
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ipconfig
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echo "Sleeping for 10 seconds for network..."
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echo wsh.sleep 10000 > sleep.vbs
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cscript /nologo sleep.vbs
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ipconfig
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net use \\ucs\software
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\\ucs\software\pxe\Windows10\setup.exe /unattend:unattend.xml
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pause
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shoelaces/static/windows/windows10/winpeshl.ini
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shoelaces/static/windows/windows10/winpeshl.ini
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[LaunchApps]
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"install.bat"
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autounattend.xml → shoelaces/windows10/unattend.xml.slc
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autounattend.xml → shoelaces/windows10/unattend.xml.slc
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{{define "windows10/unattend.xml" -}}
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend">
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<settings pass="windowsPE">
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<CEIPEnabled>0</CEIPEnabled>
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</component>
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<component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
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<ComputerName>*</ComputerName>
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<ComputerName>{{.hostname}}</ComputerName>
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<ProductKey>W269N-WFGWX-YVC9B-4J6C9-T83GX</ProductKey>
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</component>
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</settings>
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<SkipMachineOOBE>true</SkipMachineOOBE>
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<ProtectYourPC>1</ProtectYourPC>
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</OOBE>
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<UserAccounts>
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<LocalAccounts>
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<LocalAccount wcm:action="add">
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<Password>
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<Value>REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL_ADMIN_PASSWORD</Value>
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<PlainText>true</PlainText>
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</Password>
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<Description>Local Administrator</Description>
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<DisplayName>Local Administrator</DisplayName>
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<Group>Administrators;Power Users</Group>
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<Name>LocalAdmin</Name>
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</LocalAccount>
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</LocalAccounts>
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</UserAccounts>
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<RegisteredOrganization></RegisteredOrganization>
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<RegisteredOwner></RegisteredOwner>
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<RegisteredOrganization>Claremont MakerSpace</RegisteredOrganization>
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<RegisteredOwner>Claremont MakerSpace</RegisteredOwner>
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<DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>false</DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>
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<TimeZone>Eastern Standard Time</TimeZone>
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<AutoLogon>
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<Enabled>true</Enabled>
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<LogonCount>2</LogonCount>
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<Username>LocalAdmin</Username>
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<Password>
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<Value>REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL_ADMIN_PASSWORD</Value>
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</Password>
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</AutoLogon>
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<FirstLogonCommands>
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<SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">
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<CommandLine>net use \\ucs\software /user:DomainJoin REPLACE_WITH_PASSWORD</CommandLine>
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<Description>Set Up UCS Share</Description>
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<Order>1</Order>
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</SynchronousCommand>
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<SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">
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<CommandLine>powershell -NoExit -executionPolicy Bypass -File \\ucs.sawtooth.claremontmakerspace.org\Software\unattend\Set-ComputerName.ps1</CommandLine>
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<Description>Set Computer Name</Description>
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<Order>2</Order>
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<RequiresUserInput>true</RequiresUserInput>
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</SynchronousCommand>
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</FirstLogonCommands>
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</component>
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</settings>
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<cpi:offlineImage cpi:source="wim:d:/sources/install.wim#Windows 10 Pro" xmlns:cpi="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:cpi" />
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</unattend>
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{{end}}
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BIN
tftp/ipxe.efi
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BIN
tftp/ipxe.efi
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17
tftp/main.ipxe
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tftp/main.ipxe
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#!ipxe
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:MENU
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menu
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item --gap -- ---------------- iPXE boot menu ----------------
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item shoelaces Shoelaces
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item shell ipxe shell
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choose --default return --timeout 5000 target && goto ${target}
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:shoelaces
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chain http://cms-net-svcs.claremontmakerspace.org:8081/poll/1/${mac} ||
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goto MENU
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:shell
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shell ||
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goto MENU
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autoboot
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1
tftp/tftpd.map
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1
tftp/tftpd.map
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rg (.*)<29>$ \1
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