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Windows10Deployment/README.md

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Claremont MakerSpace Windows 10 Deployment

A mess of various stuff to install Windows 10 via the network, with automatic hostname assignment from Snipe-IT and installation of Salt minion. Domain join and rest of setup (installing applications, applying configuration, etc.) is done afterwords by Salt and group policy.

Usage

In theory, just enable UEFI PXE Booting, plug into the CMS Classroom network, and select PXE Boot (IPV4) (or similar) as a boot option.

  • For computers with UEFI, but without UEFI PXE (for some reason...), you can make a USB drive to jumpstart the process by with ipxe.usb (see below)
  • For computers without Ethernet, a USB Ethernet adapter can be used (I'm not sure which adapters work, but USB 3 seems to have added a more standardized interface, so is more likely to work)
    • In theory, some WiFi adapters support PXE booting (and are supported by iPXE), but not the ones in the latops CMS has
  • Currently also still requires some manual fiddling to get windows to activate using digital licenses; you can force it to try by "troubleshooting" the activation. There is presumably a better way to handle this.

Setup

Somewhat based on this helpful guide. Written for Debian 11. Various hostnames and exact paths may need to be adjusted in provided files. Also assumes UEFI booting, because Legacy booting is pretty deprecated at this point.

Enable PXE booting in DHCP server

Depends pretty heavily on DHCP server, but in UniFi it's in Settings -> Networks -> <specific network> -> Advanced. See previously mentioned guide or iPXE docs for more details (but ignore the bit about chainloading, as we instead are using an embedded script).

Build custom iPXE

  1. Clone git://git.ipxe.org/ipxe.git
  2. Copy embed.ipxe to src/
    • This allows for chainloading, without needing support from the DHCP server
  3. Build PXE executable or usb image
make bin-x86_64-efi/ipxe.usb EMBED=embed.ipxe SHELL="sh" # For USB drive
make bin-x86_64-efi/ipxe.efi EMBED=embed.ipxe SHELL="sh" # For PXE TFTP boot
  1. dd ipxe.usb to a USB drive, if needed (for computers with UEFI, but not UEFI PXE)

TFTP (via tftpd-hpa)

  1. Install tftpd-hpa package
  2. Copy tftp/main.ipxe (and ipxe.efi, if PXE booting) to /srv/tftp
    • This doesn't actually need to be a menu; it could basically just be chain http://<hostname here>:8081/poll/1/${mac} ||
  3. Copy tftp/tftpd.map to /etc/, and add --map-file /etc/tftpd.map to TFTP_OPTIONS in /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
    • This is to work around some older UEFI PXE implementations, which add a 0xFF character (which they render as ÿ) after the file name for unclear reasons

Hostname script

  1. Install python3 and python3-requests
  2. Copy ipxe-set-hostname-from-serial.py to /usr/lib/cgi-bin
  3. Generate a token from Snipe-IT and edit it into the script

Shoelaces

  1. Set base URL, bind address, and data dir in /etc/default/shoelaces
  2. Copy shoelaces folder to /srv/shoelaces
  3. Download wimboot and put it in /srv/shoelaces/static/windows
  4. Adjust mappings.yaml for the targeted subnet

Windows Installer

  1. Download The latest Windows 10 ISO
  2. Extract the ISO to software SMB share, at pxe/Windows10
  3. Retrieve the following files for pxe booting, and place them in /srv/shoelaces/static/windows/windows10/ (keeping the folder structure):
boot/bcd
boot/boot.sdi
sources/boot.wim

Salt minion

  1. Download latest salt windows minion installer
  2. Place in <software share>/pxe/Windows10/sources/$OEM$/$$/setup/scripts/ as Salt-Minion-Setup.exe
    • This slightly magic path will place the files at C:\Windows\Setup\Scripts in the installed OS
  3. Copy SetupComplete.cmd to same directory
    • This will be run after setup is complete as SYSTEM, and installs salt with the configured hostname as the minion name

Sources/References