90 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
90 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
# Claremont MakerSpace Windows 10 Deployment
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A mess of various stuff to install Windows 10 via the network, with automatic hostname assignment from [Snipe-IT](https://snipeitapp.com/) and installation of [Salt](saltproject.io) minion.
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Domain join and rest of setup (installing applications, applying configuration, etc.) is done afterwords by Salt and group policy.
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## Usage
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In theory, just enable UEFI PXE Booting, plug into the `CMS Classroom` network, and select `PXE Boot (IPV4)` (or similar) as a boot option.
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- For computers with UEFI, but without UEFI PXE (for some reason...), you can make a USB drive to jumpstart the process by with `ipxe.usb` ([see below](#build-ipxe))
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- For computers without Ethernet, a USB Ethernet adapter can be used (I'm not sure which adapters work, but USB 3 seems to have added a more standardized interface, so is more likely to work)
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- In theory, some WiFi adapters support PXE booting (and are supported by iPXE), but not the ones in the latops CMS has
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## Setup
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Somewhat based on [this helpful guide][pxe_win].
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Written for Debian 11.
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Various hostnames and exact paths may need to be adjusted in provided files.
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Also assumes UEFI booting, because Legacy booting is pretty deprecated at this point.
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### Enable PXE booting in DHCP server
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Depends pretty heavily on DHCP server, but in UniFi it's in `Settings -> Networks -> <specific network> -> Advanced`.
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See [previously mentioned guide][pxe_win] or [iPXE docs](https://ipxe.org/howto/dhcpd) for more details (but ignore the bit about chainloading, as we instead are using an embedded script).
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### <a id="build-ipxe"></a>Build custom [iPXE](https://ipxe.org/)
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1. Clone `git://git.ipxe.org/ipxe.git`
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2. Copy [`embed.ipxe`](./embed.ipxe) to `src/`
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- This allows for chainloading, without needing support from the DHCP server
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3. Build PXE executable or usb image
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```sh
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make bin-x86_64-efi/ipxe.usb EMBED=embed.ipxe SHELL="sh" # For USB drive
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make bin-x86_64-efi/ipxe.efi EMBED=embed.ipxe SHELL="sh" # For PXE TFTP boot
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```
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4. `dd` `ipxe.usb` to a USB drive, if needed (for computers with UEFI, but not UEFI PXE)
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### TFTP (via `tftpd-hpa`)
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1. Install `tftpd-hpa` package
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2. Copy [`tftp/main.ipxe`](./tftp/main.ipxe) (and `ipxe.efi`, if PXE booting) to `/srv/tftp`
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- This doesn't actually need to be a menu; it could basically just be `chain http://<hostname here>:8081/poll/1/${mac} ||`
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3. Copy [`tftp/tftpd.map`](./tftp/tftpd.map) to `/etc/`, and add `--map-file /etc/tftpd.map` to `TFTP_OPTIONS` in `/etc/default/tftpd-hpa`
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- This is to work around some older UEFI PXE implementations, which add a 0xFF character (which they render as ÿ) after the file name for unclear reasons
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### Hostname script
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1. Install `python3` and `python3-requests`
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2. Copy [`ipxe-set-hostname-from-serial.py`](./ipxe-set-hostname-from-serial.py) to `/usr/lib/cgi-bin`
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3. [Generate a token from Snipe-IT](https://snipe-it.readme.io/reference/generating-api-tokens) and edit it into the script
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### [Shoelaces](https://github.com/thousandeyes/shoelaces)
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1. Set base URL, bind address, and data dir in `/etc/default/shoelaces`
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2. Copy [`shoelaces`][./shoelaces] folder to `/srv/shoelaces`
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3. Download [wimboot](https://ipxe.org/wimboot) and put it in `/srv/shoelaces/static/windows`
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4. Adjust `mappings.yaml` for the targeted subnet
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### Windows Installer
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1. [Download The latest Windows 10 ISO](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10ISO)
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2. Extract the ISO to `software` SMB share, at `pxe/Windows10`
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3. Retrieve the following files for pxe booting, and place them in `/srv/shoelaces/static/windows/windows10/` (keeping the folder structure):
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```
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boot/bcd
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boot/boot.sdi
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sources/boot.wim
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```
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### [Salt](https://saltproject.io/) minion
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1. [Download latest salt windows minion installer](https://docs.saltproject.io/salt/install-guide/en/latest/topics/install-by-operating-system/windows.html)
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2. Place in `<software share>/pxe/Windows10/sources/$OEM$$/$$/setup/scripts/` as `Salt-Minion-Setup.exe`
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- This slightly magic path will place the files at `C:\Windows\Setup\Scripts` in the installed OS
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3. Copy [`SetupComplete.cmd`](./SetupComplete.cmd) to same directory
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- This will be run after setup is complete as `SYSTEM`, and installs salt with the configured hostname as the minion name
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## Sources/References
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- [iPXE boot Windows and Linux, using uefi.][pxe_win]
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- [iPXE - open source boot firmware [docs]][ipxe_docs]
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- [Snipe-IT API Reference][snipeit_api]
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[pxe_win]: https://rpi4cluster.com/pxe/win/ "iPXE boot Windows and Linux, using uefi."
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[ipxe_docs]: https://ipxe.org/docs "iPXE - open source boot firmware [docs]"
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[snipeit_api]: https://snipe-it.readme.io/reference/ "Snipe-IT API Reference"
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